Steel 40X (40ХА)

Designation

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	40Х
Designation GOST Latin	40X
Transliteration	40H
By chemical elements	40Cr

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	40ХА
Designation GOST Latin	40XA
Transliteration	40HA
By chemical elements	40Cr

Description

Steel 40KH is used: for the manufacture of hot rolled plates; axes, shafts, shaft-gears, pistons, rods, crankshaft and Cam shafts, rings, spindles, mandrels, spreader bars, gear rims, bolts, axles, bushings and other upgrade parts high strength; the parts of pipeline fittings from rolled steel; forged blanks and forgings (requires heat treatment: quenching in oil (or water in oil) and tempering in air or in oil); billet flywheels of diesel engines; solid-rolled rings for different purposes; of forgings of shafts of compressors and gas turbines (steel 40ХА); seamless drill pipes used in geological core drilling; blank discs of steam turbines with a working temperature up to 350 °C; billet shafts and solid-forged rotors of stationary and transport steam turbines; of pipes used in aircraft.

Note

Structural steel high-quality chrome.

Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Bars and shapes	В32	GOST 1051-73, GOST 4543-71, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78, GOST 14955-77, GOST В 5160-89, OST 1 92049-76, TU 14-1-5414-2001, TU 3-1053-86, TU 108.11-927-87, TU 14-1-1237-75, TU 14-1-2118-77, TU 14-1-2218-77, TU 14-1-2995-80, TU 14-1-3563-83, TU 14-1-5167-92, TU 14-11-245-88, TU 14-1-3011-80, TU 14-1-4032-85, TU 14-1-1271-75, TU 14-1-5228-93, TU 14-136-367-2008
Sheets and strips	В33	GOST 1577-93, TU 14-1-1409-75, TU 14-1-1579-75, TU 14-1-2506-78, TU 14-1-4043-85, TU 14-1-4118-86, TU 14-1-5036-91, TU 14-1-4118-2004
Steel pipes and fittings to them	В62	GOST 7909-56, GOST 8732-78, GOST 8734-75, GOST 9567-75, GOST 23270-89, GOST 24950-81, GOST 8733-87, GOST 8731-87, GOST Р 53383-2009, TU 14-3-1443-86, TU 14-3-439-76, TU 14-3-473-76, TU 14-3Р-51-2001, TU 14-3Р-50-2001, TU 14-3-1654-89
Sheets and strips	В23	GOST 82-70, GOST 19903-74, GOST 103-2006, GOST 19903-90
Bars and shapes	В22	GOST 8278-83, GOST 8281-80, GOST 8282-83, GOST 8283-93, GOST 8319.0-75, GOST 9234-74, GOST 11474-76, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006
Processing of metals by pressure. Forgings	В03	GOST 8479-70, OST 5Р.9125-84, TU 108-1028-81, TU 108-1029-81, TU НЗЛ 342-89, TU 0306.018-80, ST ЦКБА 010-2004
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В31	OST 3-1686-90, TU 108.1154-84, TU 14-1-1672-76, TU 14-1-2022-77, TU 14-1-4944-90
Thermal and thermochemical treatment of metals	В04	ST ЦКБА 026-2005

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Ni	Fe	Cu	V	Ti	Mo	W
TU 108-1029-81	0.36-0.44	≤0.022	≤0.025	0.5-0.8	0.8-1.1	≤0.37	≤0.25	Rest	≤0.25	-	-	-	-
TU 14-1-4118-2004	0.36-0.44	≤0.035	≤0.035	0.5-0.8	0.8-1.1	0.17-0.37	≤0.3	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.05	≤0.03	≤0.15	≤0.2

Fe is the basis.
According to GOST 4543-71, GOST 10702-78 and TU 14-1-4118-86, the chemical composition is given for steel grade 40X.
According to GOST 4543-71 the content in high-quality steel is regulated: P≤0,025%; S≤0.025%; Сu≤0.30%; in high-grade steel: P≤0,025%; S≤0.015%; Сu≤0.25%. In accordance with the order, the content of Si = 0.10-0.37% can be established.
TU NZL 342-89 chemical composition is given for steel grade 40XA.
According to TU 108-1028-81 and TU 108-1029-81 the chemical composition is given for steel grade 40ХА. In the workpieces, deviations in the content of the elements indicated in the table are allowed: carbon ± 0.010%, silicon + 0.030%.
In the manufacture of blanks with discs with hub heights from 450 to 650 mm, the content of phosphorus and sulfur in steel should not be more than 0.018% of each; for metal VDP and ELP, the deviation of manganese content +0.10% / - 0.15% is allowed. In the ESR steel, the sulfur content should not be more than 0.015%. When casting steel without evacuation, for the manufacture of disc blanks with a hub height of more than 300 mm, hydrogen content in the metal must be determined. The results of determination of the hydrogen content are not acceptance-delivery and, at the request of the consumer, are to be entered in the procurement certificate.

Mechanical properties

Section, mm	t отпуска, °C	s_T\|s_0,2, MPa	σ_U, MPa	d₅, %	d₄	d₁₀	y, %	KCU, kJ/m²	HB, MPa	HRC
Steel calibrated and calibrated with special surface finish
-	-	-	≥690	≥5	-	-	≥40	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	≤207	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	≤207	-
Forgings. Hardening + Vacation
500-800	-	≥275	≥530	≥13	-	-	≥30	≥290	156-197	-
300-500	-	≥315	≥570	≥12	-	-	≥30	≥290	167-207	-
500-800	-	≥315	≥570	≥11	-	-	≥30	≥290	167-207	-
300-500	-	≥345	≥590	≥14	-	-	≥38	≥490	174-217	-
100-300	-	≥395	≥615	≥15	-	-	≥40	≥540	187-229	-
300-500	-	≥395	≥615	≥13	-	-	≥35	≥490	187-229	-
100-300	-	≥440	≥635	≥14	-	-	≥40	≥540	197-235	-
100	-	≥440	≥635	≥16	-	-	≥45	≥590	197-235	-
100-300	-	≥490	≥655	≥13	-	-	≥40	≥540	212-248	-
100	-	≥490	≥655	≥16	-	-	≥45	≥590	212-248	-
Forgings. Normalization
500-800	-	≥245	≥470	≥15	-	-	≥30	≥340	143-179	-
300-500	-	≥275	≥530	≥15	-	-	≥32	≥290	156-197	-
100-300	-	≥315	≥570	≥14	-	-	≥35	≥340	167-207	-
100	-	≥315	≥570	≥17	-	-	≥38	≥390	167-207	-
100-300	-	≥345	≥590	≥17	-	-	≥40	≥540	174-217	-
100	-	≥345	≥590	≥18	-	-	≥45	≥590	174-217	-
Forged billet shafts of compressors and gas turbines, heat-treated in the delivery condition on the other NZL 342-89 (longitudinal samples, in the column of the delivery condition specified strength)
≤500	-	≥343	≥568	≥17	-	-	≥35	≥441	-	-
Seamless hot deformed tubes in the delivery condition
	-	-	≥657	≥9	-	-	-	-	≤269	-
Forgings. Quenching in oil or water from 840-860 °C + Vacation at 580-650 °C, cooling in water or air
101-200	-	≥490	≥655	≥15	-	-	≥45	≥590	212-248	-
Hot-rolled steel and hot rolled with special surface heat-treated
	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	≤179	-
Forgings. Hardening in water from 850 °C + Vacation
-	200	≥1560	≥1760	≥8	-	-	≥35	≥290	-	-
Billet shafts and rotors of steam turbines on the other 108-1029-81 (in the delivery condition specified strength and direction and place the cuttings sample)
-	-	≥343	≥569	≥17	-	-	-	≥390	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥140	≥175	≥33	-	-	≥78	-	-	-
Forgings. Quenching in oil or water from 840-860 °C + Vacation at 580-650 °C, cooling in water or air
201-300	-	≥440	≥635	≥14	-	-	≥40	≥540	197-235	-
Forgings. Hardening in water from 850 °C + Vacation
-	300	≥1390	≥1610	≥8	-	-	≥35	≥200	-	-
Billet shafts and rotors of steam turbines on the other 108-1029-81 (in the delivery condition specified strength and direction and place the cuttings sample)
-	-	≥324	≥540	≥13	-	-	-	≥390	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥54	≥98	≥59	-	-	≥98	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
120	600-620	≥490	≥655	≥13	-	-	≥40	≥490	212-248	-
Forgings. Quenching in oil or water from 840-860 °C + Vacation at 580-650 °C, cooling in water or air
301-500	-	≥345	≥590	≥14	-	-	≥38	≥490	174-217	-
Forgings. Hardening in water from 850 °C + Vacation
-	400	≥1180	≥1320	≥9	-	-	≥40	≥490	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥41	≥69	≥65	-	-	≥100	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
200	620-660	≥440	≥635	≥14	-	-	≥40	≥539	197-235	-
Forgings. Hardening in water from 850 °C + Vacation
-	500	≥910	≥1150	≥11	-	-	≥49	≥690	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥24	≥43	≥68	-	-	≥100	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
25	130-200	≥1274	≥1470	≥7	-	-	≥25	≥294	-	46.4-53.1
Forgings. Hardening in water from 850 °C + Vacation
-	600	≥720	≥860	≥14	-	-	≥60	≥1470	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥11	≥26	≥68	-	-	≥100	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
30	400-420	≥880	≥1078	≥7	-	-	≥35	≥392	-	36.7-43.5
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm forged and annealed. The rate of deformation of 5 mm/min strain rate of 0.002 1/s
-	-	≥11	≥24	≥70	-	-	≥100	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
30	500-560	≥785	≥930	≥12	-	-	≥40	≥588	293-331	-
Forgings. Hardened in oil from 830 °C to + Vacation at 550 °C
-	-	≥700	≥880	≥15	-	-	≥42	≥1180	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
50	560-580	≥685	≥835	≥13	-	-	≥42	≥588	262-311	-
Forgings. Hardened in oil from 830 °C to + Vacation at 550 °C
-	-	≥680	≥870	≥17	-	-	≥58	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 026-2005. Quenching in oil (or water in oil) from 840-870 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on thickness and weight of the workpiece) + Vacation, air cooling or oil
80	580-600	≥540	≥685	≥15	-	-	≥45	≥588	223-262	-
Forgings. Hardened in oil from 830 °C to + Vacation at 550 °C
-	-	≥610	≥690	≥18	-	-	≥68	≥980	-	-
Of the workpiece. Quenching in oil from 860 °C to + Leave at 500 °C, cooling in water
	-	≥320	≥570	≥17	-	-	≥35	≥400	-	-
Forgings. Hardened in oil from 830 °C to + Vacation at 550 °C
-	-	≥430	≥490	≥21	-	-	≥80	≥780	-	-
Of the workpiece. Quenching in oil from 860 °C to + Leave at 500 °C, cooling in water
≤25	-	≥785	≥980	≥10	-	-	≥45	≥590	-	-
28-55	-	≥800	≥940	≥13	-	-	≥55	≥850	-	-
Forged blanks of disks of steam turbines on the other 108-1028-81 (in the delivery condition specified strength; in cross-section, if regulated, see the recommended height of the hub)
-	-	314-540	≥559	≥17	-	-	≥40	≥390	-	-
-	-	392-589	≥589	≥17	-	-	≥40	≥390	-	-
Ring forged in OST 1 92049-76. Quenching in oil with 845-875 °C + Vacation at 450-550 °C, cooling in water or oil
25	-	≥745	≥930	≥7.5	-	-	≥36	≥441	-	-
Flats on the other 14-1-4118-2004
	-	-	590-780	-	≥10	≥12	-	-	-	-
Seamless cold-worked tubes in the delivery condition heat-treated (NV - wall > 10 mm)
	-	-	≥618	≥14	-	-	-	-	≤217	-

Description mechanical marks

Name	Description
s_T\|s_0,2	Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2%
σ_U	Limit short-term strength
d₅	Elongation after rupture
d₄	Elongation after rupture
d₁₀	Elongation after rupture
y	The relative narrowing
KCU	Toughness
HB	Brinell hardness number
HRC	Rockwell hardness (indenter diamond spheroconical)

Physical characteristics

Temperature	Е, HPa	G, HPa	r, kg/m³	l, W/(m · °C)	R, Mr. · m	a, 10^-6 1/°C	С, J/(kg · °C)
0	214	85	7850	41	278	-	-
20	214	-	7820	-	210	-	-
100	211	83	7800	40	324	118	466
200	206	81	7800	38	405	122	508
300	203	78	7740	36	555	132	529
400	185	71	7700	34	717	137	563
500	176	68	7650	33	880	141	592
600	164	63	7630	31	1100	146	622
700	143	55	7590	30	1330	146	634
800	132	50	7610	27	1100	148	634
900	-	-	7560	267	1140	-	-
1000	-	-	7510	28	1170	12	664
1100	-	-	7470	288	120	-	-
1200	-	-	7430	-	1230	-	-

A description of the physical symbols

Name	Description
Е	The normal elasticity modulus
G	Modulus of elasticity shear torsion
r	Density
l	Coefficient of thermal conductivity
R	UD. the resistivity
a	The coefficient of linear expansion

Technological properties

Name	The value
Weldability	Difficult weldability. Welding methods: SMAW, ESW. Necessary preheating and subsequent heat treatment. CCC - a necessary subsequent heat treatment.
Склонность к отпускной хрупкости	Inclined.
The temperature of forging	Start - 1250 °C, the end - of 800 °C. the cross Sections up to 350 mm cooled in air.
Flock-sensitive sensitivity	Sensitive.