Germanium is an element in group 4 of the periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev, where it is designated as Ge. It is a light, silvery metal. Atomic number 32, atomic weight 72.59. Specific gravity 5.33 g/cm³. It was discovered in 1886 by the German scientist Winkler. This element belongs to the scattered ones. In nature it does not occur in a free form, but only as an impurity in sedimentary rocks, nickel tungsten ores, silicates, coals, thermal waters, peat. It accumulates in algae.

Physical and chemical properties

It is a rather brittle metal, up to 550 °C it is not amenable to hot and cold pressure treatment. Covered with an oxide film, it is quite resistant under normal conditions to water, air, hydrochloric acid, weakly interacts with caustic alkalis, but dissolves in an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide and in aqua regia. Its valence is +2 or +4. Chemical compounds with higher valency are more stable. The most used is _GeO2 dioxide.

Production

Germanium is produced using by-products of processing, ashes from coal combustion, nonferrous metal ores, etc. At metallurgical method it is smelted at t ° ° from 800 to 1800 ° C. In order to obtain technical germanium in quartz columns, it is purified with hydrochloric acid, by thermodiffusion, directed to crystallization, and by other methods. Germanium is detected by emission spectral analysis. Its presence also detects the formation of bright yellow germanic-molybdenum acid. Technical specifications and GOST 16 153-80 standards the production of monocrystalline germanium, which is used in semiconductor devices, as well as for other needs of the economy.

Application

Germanium refers to semiconductors, which are used as high-frequency monocrystals for production of transistors, diodes, photoresistors and photodiodes. Hall sensors, X-ray spectroscopy lenses, resistance thermometers, etc., are made from this metal. Dental and jewelry techniques also use this element of high hardness and strength. Some germanium alloys serve as solders for anti-corrosion coatings. _GeO2 dioxide impurities are used in alloys used in metal rolling - the manufacture of wire, sheets, rods , etc.

Buy at a bargain price

Evek GmbH has a wide range of rare metal products in stock. We deliver products of germanium at the best price. We offer favorable conditions for wholesale and retail customers. On our site you will find all the necessary information, At your service experienced managers-consultants who are always ready to help with the choice. Products pass defectoscopic control. Quality is guaranteed by strict compliance with the rules of production at all stages. Delivery time is minimal. Preferential discounts are available for bulk orders.