Cobalt is denoted by the symbol Co (Latin: Cobaltum), a member of the minor subgroup of the eighth group of the fourth period of the Mendeleev table, atomic number 27. It is a metal with a silvery appearance. A thin layer of surface oxides can give it various shades.

History

The name of the metal comes from German. Kobold is a cave dwarf. Arsenic-containing cobalt ores emit toxic fumes of AsO during roasting. The ancient Scandinavians attributed the frequent poisonings during the smelting of silver to the intrigues of the evil mountain spirit and christened these ores after him. Swedish chemist G. Brand in 1735 isolated an unknown metal from the ore, which he called cobalt. He has also found out that derivatives of cobalt give to glass a dark blue color - it was used by ancient Assyrians for construction of temples.

Physical properties

Cobalt is a hard metal and has two modifications: α -modification is stable at t° from room to 427 °C, and β-modification - (cubic face-centered lattice) - at t° from 427 °C to 1120 °C. Cobalt is a ferromagnetic, Curie point 1121 °C.

Applications

• Alloying with cobalt increases heat resistance and improves the mechanical properties of steel, turning it into a tool steel (make cutters, drills, etc.)
• For permanent magnets, an alloy containing up to 50% cobalt plus vanadium or chromium is used.
• Magnetic properties of cobalt alloys are used in magnetic recording equipment, as well as in the cores of electric motors and transformers.
• Cobalt is used as a catalyst.
• Cobalt silicide is an excellent thermoelectric material for high efficiency thermoelectric generators.
• Lithium cobalt is a highly efficient positive electrode in the production of lithium batteries.
• Radioactive cobalt-60 is used in gamma defectoscopy and medicine. 60Co is used as a source of nuclear energy.

Supply

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