Gadolinium brand chemical composition
Gadolinium — in the periodic system of the chemical element is in the third group. It has the atomic number 64 and atomic weight of 157.25. It belongs to the lanthanides. It got its name in honor of the Finnish chemist Gadolin. Opened in 1880, Jean de Marignac, who proved the presence of a new element in the mixture of rare earth metal oxides.
| The atomic number of Gd | The atomic (molar) mass g / mol | The degree of oxidation | Density [g / cm3] | Melting point t ° C | The boiling point of t ° C | The heat of fusion kJ / kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number 64 | 157.25 | 3 | 7.9 | 1313 ° C | 3266 ° C | 10 |
Distribution and receipt
The ocean water content of gadolinium 2.4 · 10 -6 mg / L, as in the crust of 8 g / m (Taylor's). Prepared by reduction of gadolinium chloride, fluoride GdCl 3 or GdF 3 calcium. Gadolinium compounds obtained by fractionating rare earth metal oxides.
application
This element has an inexhaustible scope of use. This is due not only to its nuclear-physical properties, but also a high degree of adaptability. Most often, the gadolinium is used in nuclear power engineering and electronics.
An alloy of iron with cobalt and allowed to create new media with high recording density. With the help of the latest technologies is grown monocrystalline gadolinium — Galiev grenades. This element is required in the production of solid-state lasers, is actively used in medicine and in radiation processing of stone and metal. With its high ability to capture neutrons, gadolinium found a use in the management of nuclear reactor for neutron shielding. Oxide Gd 2 O 3 is used for melting glass, which absorbs thermal neutrons. Gadolinium hexaboride cathodes used in the manufacture of electron guns for high power, X-ray machines. An alloy of iron and gadolinium is a very long battery life of hydrogen, so it has found application in a hydrogen car. In medicine, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is used Gd-153. In the treatment of liver, when the blockade is necessary Kupffer used GdCl 3 chloride. Gadodiamide — contrast agent also contains gadolinium. This metal alloy with nickel is used in the manufacture of containers for storage of radioactive waste. Recently, much interest has attracted single crystal alloy of gadolinium, terbium. It is used in the production of refrigerators.
hire
Rental of gadolinium alloys are produced in the form of bars, wire, sheet, in accordance with the technical specifications (TU). 23 GOST 862.13−79 — normalizes the content of impurities of gadolinium oxide, determined by fluorescent method. GOST 23 862.5−79 — normalizes the spectral analysis of the definition of Gd 2 O 3 oxide.
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