Lanthanum is an element of the third group, 6th period of the table of D. I. Mendeleev. Atomic number 57. It is denoted by the symbol La. It is a light silvery color metal. The history of its discovery is related to the study of "cerium earth". In 1826 C. Mosander proved that it was heterogeneous and contained another element besides cerium. In 1839 he isolated this element, which he called lanthanum, from the Greek "lurking", "hiding". Industrial production of this element is based on separating raw materials into fractions. First, ceria is separated, and then neodymium, praseodymium and lastly lanthanum are extracted. The latter exists in three crystal models: hexagonal α-lattice 277 °C, cubic β-lattice up to 861 °C and volume centered lattice like α-Fe.

Applications

_{La2 O3} oxide is used in production of special optical glass for astronomical prisms and lenses, for photo and cinema equipment. Widely used in nuclear power, electronics, electron microscopy, production of hydrogen acceptors, thermoelectric and metalhydride materials, etc. In metallothermy it is used for reduction of rare elements. It is used to extract plutonium during reprocessing of nuclear fuel. Lanthanum is added to molten uranium with plutonium, which together with plutonium floats out of the mass of the melt. The uranium remains in the sediment. This top layer is drained off and then chemically reprocessed. _{La2 O3} oxide serves to produce high temperature superconductors along with barium, yttrium, strontium oxides.

Welding electrodes

Tungsten rods with addition of _{La2 O3} oxide are produced as ground and forged, VL type, 1.5-8 mm in diameter and not less than 500 mm in length. Such electrodes increase load-carrying capacity and maximum current by 1.5 times when welding. They are more durable than thorium and cerium electrodes and do not wear out as much. Uniform distribution of _{La2 O3} along the length of the electrode keeps its original sharpening much longer. The presence of lanthanum oxide LaO-G, LaO-D, _LaCl3, _LaF3, _LaCO3, _LaSO4, etc., in alloys for the manufacture of wire, sheets and rods improve the technological qualities of the material

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