Dysprosium grades, chemical composition
General Characteristics
Dysprosium is a rare earth element of the lanthanoid group, atomic number 66, chemical sign Dy. It is a light metal with a silvery luster. Its content in the lithosphere is 5x10-4%. It is found as a concomitant element in the form of salts together with other rare-earth metals in the composition of different minerals: bastensite apatite, gadolinite, monazite, etc. History of discovery. In 1886, during spectroscopic analysis of holmium earth a new element was found, which in pure form was managed to isolate in 1906 by J.Urbain. Modern industry gets dysprosium by reduction of DyCl3 or DyF3 with lithium, calcium or sodium. Like other non-ferrous metals, it comes in the form of rounds, sheets, and wires.
Physico-chemical properties
Up to +1384 °C, dysprosium has a hexagonal α-lattice, while at higher temperatures it has a cubic β-lattice. It oxidizes quite slowly in the air to t° 100 °C. But when heated it reacts actively with O2, H2, N2, halogens. It is rapidly dissolved by mineral acids, but it is almost not affected by alkali.
| Atomic number of Eu | Atomic (molar) mass g/mol | Oxidation state | Density [g/cm3] | Melting point t°C | Boiling point t°C | Melting point kJ/kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № 66 | 162,5 | 3 | 8,56 | 1413°С | 2562°С | 291 |
Applications
Dysprosium gives zinc alloys increased wear resistance. In the composition of zirconium expands the width of thermal neutron capture and increases the processability of the alloy. In medical lasers, dysprosium ions excite infrared radiation at 2.36 microns. In industrial chemistry it is relevant as an effective catalyst. Borate, boride, hafnate, and dysprosium oxide actively capture neutrons. These compounds are part of protective paints, enamels used in nuclear power, as well as of control rods of fuel rods. Dysprosium-doped iron is a powerful magnetostrictive material.
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