Precision alloys GOST

General Characteristics

Precision alloys are generally considered to be materials with specific mechanical properties. They are highly alloyed compounds with a precisely defined chemical composition. They are divided into groups according to certain properties. A distinction is made between steels:

- Magnetically soft.

- Magnetically hard

- With a specified elasticity property.

- Steels with a specified thermal coefficient of linear expansion.

- Superconducting

- Thermo-metals

These alloys have special physical and chemical characteristics, they are characterized by extreme precision of their composition, absence of foreign impurities, thoroughness of production and processing. Most of these alloys are based on iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, which gives the alloys those very special qualities that distinguish them from the rest. For example, a number of magnetically soft alloys (permalloy, permendur, perminvar, ferrite-nickel) or magnetically hard alloys (alni, manganin, viccaloy). Today it is difficult to do without alloys with specified electrical (alumel, copel, chromel), thermal (kovar, platinite) and elastic properties, without superconducting alloys (based on niobium with Zr, Ti, Mo, Tc, Re).

Concise Handbook of Precision Alloys

Designation Or GOST, TU Field of application
27KH EP685 10 994-74, 10 160-75 Stators and rotors of electric motors designed to work at normal and elevated temperatures. Cold-rolled bands, hot-rolled sheets and bars, and forged bars. The alloy has a high saturation induction.
29NK-vi, 29NK 14 082-78 Thermal expansion coefficient similar to glass, used for current input to radioelectronic devices. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets and rods, and forged bars. The alloy's TKLR is below average.
32NK EP475vi, il. 14-1-4422-88, 14-131-493-80 Items with polished surface, complex shaped parts, dashed length measures. Hot-rolled and forged bars. Alloy with low TKLR.
32NKD. EI630A, Superinvar 14 082-78 For very high precision instrument parts requiring dimensional constancy in the temperature range. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets, hot-rolled and forged bars. Alloys with minimum or low TKLR
33NK N33K17, EP139 14 082-78 Coupling with mica, ceramic or glass.
36H, 36H-vi Invar 14 082-78, 10 994-74 Fragments that do not change size with variations in outdoor temperature. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets and rods, forged bars. Alloy TKLR is low.
36KNM, 36NKMP permalloy 10 994-74, 10 160-75 Fragments that do not change dimensions with variations in ambient temperature. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. The TKHR of the alloy is low.
36NKHTU 36NKHTU-vi, EI702, elinvar GOST 14 119-85, 10 994-74 Fragments that do not change size with changes in ambient temperature. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. The TKHR of the alloy is low.
36NKHTU5M. EP51 For gauges and parts operating at t° up to 350 C. Cold-rolled bands, wire, hot-rolled sheets, hot-rolled and forged bars. Corrosion resistant non-magnetic alloys
36NKHTU8M EP52 For fragments operating at t° up to 400 C. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Non-magnetic corrosion resistant alloy.
38NKD. 10 994-74, 14 082-78 For sealed junction with glass. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. TKHR below average.
40KHNM. EI995vi 10 994-74 Clock mechanism springs, cylindrical springs designed for t° up to 400 °C, electrical measuring instrument cores, surgical instruments. Cold-rolled band, wire. Corrosion-resistant non-magnetic alloys.
40XNYU-VI. Hot-rolled and forged round. Non-magnetic corrosion resistant alloys.
42H, 42H-vi 40H, 42H, H42, Feni 14 082-78 Electro-vacuum equipment. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Lower and medium TKHR.
42NCTU. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Alloys with consistently low modulus of elasticity.
44NCTU Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Alloys with a stable low modulus of elasticity.
45Н Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Alloys with good magnetic permeability and saturation induction
45NHT EP218 14-1-3074-80 Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Alloys with low and constant modulus of normal elasticity. Resonators of electromechanical systems.
47ND 14 082-78 For sealed contacts with glass, ceramics and mica. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. TKHR below average.
47NHR. Cold-rolled strip, wire. TKHR below average.
49KF 10 994-74, 10 160-75 Polar tips and cores of magnets and solenoids. Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. TKLR below and medium.
49K2F, 49K2FA-VI. EP207, Permendur. 14-1-1185-75 Pole tips and cores of magnets and solenoids. Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. TKLR below average.
50Н 50H, EI676, EI467, permalloy 10 160-75 Magnetically soft alloy for cores of compact power transformers, chokes and relays.
50NP permalloy 14-1-841-73 Cores of magnetic amplifiers, switching chokes, rectifiers. Cold-rolled strips. Alloys with rectangular form of hysteresis.
50HXS permalloy 14-131-722-89 Cores of pulse transformers. Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. High magnetic permeability, significant electrical resistance.
52Н Cold-rolled strip, wire, hot-rolled sheet. TKHR below average.
56DGNH Hot-rolled rounds, forged rounds. Non-magnetic alloy with specified TKHR.
68NHVKTU, 68NHVKTU-VI EP578, EP578-vi, permalloy 14-1-4470-88 Elastic sensor elements designed to operate at t° from cryogenic to 500° C. Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled and forged circle. Corrosion resistant, non-magnetic alloy.
79NM permalloy 10 160-75 Magnetically soft alloy for cores of compact transformers, chokes and relays.
80NM Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Alloys with the best magnetic permeability in weak fields
80HMV-VI. Cold-rolled sheet, strip. Non-magnetic alloy with specified TKHR.
80NHS permalloy 10 160-75 Magnetically soft alloy for cores of magnetic heads. Cold-rolled strip, hot-rolled sheet and round, forged round. Alloys with maximum magnetic permeability in weak fields

The technology for producing precision alloys differs in many ways from traditional metallurgy. The purity of the alloy itself, the absence of impurities is ensured by melting under special conditions, selection of the right charge for melting, using a special kind of remelting to obtain the purest possible alloy. Heat treatment of alloys is often carried out in a vacuum, hydrogen, and inert environments to avoid oxidation, and directional crystallization is used. The necessary qualities for a particular alloy are acquired not only by thermomechanical, but also by thermomagnetic treatment. Some of the alloys are obtained by composite technology and powder metallurgy. Supplied in the form of strips, wires, tubes, profiles.

Use

Without alloys with special properties today can't do without the production of precise instruments, standards of length measures, tuning forks, physical laboratory equipment, screens, computer memory elements. Without such alloys it is impossible to produce precise sensors, sensitive elements of devices, unique experimental and small-sized laboratory equipment, energy converters and converters. The production of televisions, clocks, radio receivers is also impossible without such alloys. They are a basis for progress in precision instrumentation, creating a variety of components for modern equipment. Use of such alloys provides not only special methods of manufacture but also demands high culture of exploitation.

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