Precision alloys GOST
General characteristics
Precision alloys are considered to be materials with certain mechanical properties. These are highly alloyed compounds with precisely defined chemical composition. They are divided into groups according to certain properties. Distinguish steel:
— Soft magnetic;
— Hard magnetic;
— With desired elastic properties;
— With predetermined linear expansion temperature coefficient;
— Superconducting;
— Thermobimetals.
Such alloys have special physical and chemical characteristics. They are distinguished by extreme accuracy of their composition, absence of impurities and thoroughness of production and processing. Most of these alloys are based on iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, which gives alloys very special qualities that distinguish them from rest. For example, number of magnetically soft alloys (permalloy, permendure, perminvar, ferrite-nickel) or magnetically hard alloys (alni, manganin, wiccalloy). Today it’s difficult to do without alloys with given electrical (alumel, copel, chromel), thermal (insidious, platinum) and elastic properties, without superconducting alloys (based on niobium with Zr, Ti, Mo, Tc, Re).
Short list of precision alloys:
Designation | Or | GOST, TU | Application area |
27KH | EP685 | 10 994−74, 10 160−75 | Stators and rotors of electric motors designed for operation at normal and elevated temperatures. Cold rolled ribbons, hot rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. Alloy has high saturation induction. |
29NK-vi, 29NK | 14 082−78 | Thermal coefficient of expansion similar to glass is used to introduce current into electronic devices. Cold rolled strips, wire, hot rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. TKLR alloy below average. | |
32NK | EP475vi, id | 14−1-4422−88, 14−131−493−80 | Products with polished surface, complex shapes, line measures of length. Hot rolled and forged bars. Low TCLR alloy. |
32NKD | EI630A, superinvar | 14 082−78 | For parts of instruments of very high accuracy, requiring constant dimensions in temperature range. Cold rolled tapes, wire, hot rolled sheets, hot rolled and forged bars. Minimum or low TCLR alloys. |
33NK | N33K17, EP139 | 14 082−78 | Mix with mica, ceramic or glass. |
36N, 36N-vi | Invar | 14 082−78, 10 994−74 | Fragments that do not change size when the temperature of outside air. Cold rolled strips, wire, hot rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. TCLR of alloy is low. |
36KNM, 36NKPM | Permalloy | 10 994−74, 10 160−75 | Fragments that do not change size when temperature of outside air. Cold rolled strips, wire, hot rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. TCLR of alloy is low. |
36NHTU | 36NHTU-vi, EI702, Elinwar | GOST 14 119−85, 10 994−74 | Fragments that do not change size when temperature of outside air. Cold rolled strips, wire, hot rolled sheets and rods, forged rods. TCLR of alloy is low. |
36NHTU5M | EP51 | For sensors and parts operating at t° up to 350 °C. Cold rolled tapes, wire, hot rolled sheets, hot rolled and forged bars. Corrosion resistant non-magnetic alloys. | |
36NHTU8M | EP52 | For fragments operating at t° up to 400 °C. Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Non-magnetic corrosion resistant alloy. | |
38NKD | 10 994−74, 14 082−78 | For sealed glass junctions. Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. TCLR below average. | |
40KHNM | EI995vi | 10 994−74 | Clock springs, coil springs for t° up to 400 °C, cores of electrical measuring instruments, surgical instruments. Cold rolled tape, wire. Corrosion resistant non-magnetic alloys. |
40HNU-VI | Hot rolled and forged circle. Non-magnetic corrosion resistant alloys. | ||
42N, 42N-vi | 40N, 42N, N42, Feni | 14 082−78 | Vacuum technology. Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. TCLR below and average. |
42NHTU | Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Stably low modulus alloys. | ||
44NHTU | Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Stably low modulus alloys. | ||
45N | Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Alloys with good magnetic permeability and saturation induction. | ||
45NHT | EP218 | 14−1-3074−80 | Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Alloys with low and constant modulus of normal elasticity. Resonators of electromechanical systems. |
47ND | 14 082−78 | For tight contacts with glass, ceramics and mica. Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. TCLR below average. | |
47NHR | Cold rolled tape, wire. TCLR below average. | ||
49KF | 10 994−74, 10 160−75 | Pole tips and cores of magnets and solenoids. Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. TCLR below and average. | |
49K2 °F, 49K2FA-VI | EP207, Permendur | 14−1-1185−75 | Pole tips and cores of magnets and solenoids. Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. TCLR below average. |
50N | 50N, EI676, EI467, Permalloy | 10 160−75 | Soft magnetic alloy for cores of compact power transformers, chokes and relays. |
50NP | Permalloy | 14−1-841−73 | Cores of magnetic amplifiers, switching chokes, rectifiers. Cold rolled tape. Rectangular hysteresis alloys. |
50NHS | Permalloy | 14−131−722−89 | Pulse transformer cores. Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. High magnetic permeability, significant electrical resistance. |
52N | Cold rolled tape, wire, hot rolled sheet. TCLR below average. | ||
56DGNH | Hot rolled circle, forged circle. Non-magnetic alloy with given thermal expansion coefficient. | ||
68NHVKTU, 68 NHVKTU-VI | EP578, EP578-vi, Permalloy | 14−1-4470−88 | Elastic elements of sensors designed for operation at t° from cryogenic to 500 °C. Cold rolled strip, hot rolled and forged circle. Corrosion resistant alloy, non-magnetic. |
79NM | Permalloy | 10 160−75 | Soft magnetic alloy for cores of compact transformers, chokes and relays. |
80NM | Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Alloys with best magnetic permeability in weak fields. | ||
80NMV-VI | Cold rolled sheet tape. Non-magnetic alloy with specified thermal expansion coefficient. | ||
80NHS | Permalloy | 10 160−75 | Soft magnetic alloy for magnetic pith cores. Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. Cold rolled strip, hot rolled sheet and circle, forged circle. |
Technology for producing precision alloys is very different from traditional metallurgy. Purity of alloy itself, absence of impurities is ensured by melting in special conditions, selection of necessary charge for melting, use of special kind of remelting to obtain most pure alloy. Heat treatment of alloys is often carried out in vacuum, hydrogen, inert medium, in order to avoid oxidation, directional crystallization is also used. Qualities necessary for particular alloy are acquired not only by thermomechanical, but also by thermomagnetic processing. Some of alloys are obtained by technologies of composite materials, powder metallurgy. Delivered in form of tapes, wire, pipes, profiles.
Using
Today, production of precision instruments, standards for length measures, tuning forks, physical laboratory equipment, screens and computer memory elements cannot do without alloys with special properties. Without such alloys, it is impossible to manufacture accurate sensors, sensitive elements of devices, unique experimental and small-sized laboratory equipment, energy converters. Production of televisions, watches, radios is also impossible without such alloys. They are basis for progress of precision instrumentation, creation of a variety of components of modern technology. Use of such alloys provides not only special production methods, but also requires high operating culture.
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