Steel 95X18 (ЭИ229)

Designation

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	95Х18
Designation GOST Latin	95X18
Transliteration	95H18
By chemical elements	95Cr18

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	ЭИ229
Designation GOST Latin	EI229
Transliteration	EhI229
By chemical elements	-

Description

Steel 95X18 is used: for the manufacture of bushings, axles, rods, ball and roller bearings of various parts of aircraft and aviation instrument and other parts, which are requirements of high hardness and wear resistance and operating at temperatures up to +500 °C or exposed to moderate corrosive environments; ball bearings with high hardness for petroleum machinery; parts of rolling bearings with special purposes; knives of the highest quality; of the bushings and other parts subject to heavy wear.

Note

Steel chromium corrosion-resistant martensitic class.
Steel usually is used after quenching, low vacation.

Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Sheets and strips	В23	GOST 103-2006
Bars and shapes	В22	GOST 1133-71, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006
Sheets and strips	В33	GOST 4405-75, TU 14-1-1848-76
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В30	GOST 5632-72
Bars and shapes	В32	GOST 5949-75, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 14955-77, TU 14-1-377-72, TU 14-1-3957-85, TU 14-1-595-73, TU 14-11-245-88
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В20	OST 1 90005-91
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В21	OST 1 90176-75
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В31	OST 3-1686-90, OST 95-10-72
Processing of metals by pressure. Forgings	В03	ST ЦКБА 010-2004
Thermal and thermochemical treatment of metals	В04	STP 26.260.484-2004, ST ЦКБА 016-2005

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Fe	Cu	V	Ti	Mo	W
TU 14-1-595-73	0.9-1	≤0.02	≤0.03	≤0.7	17-19	≤0.8	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.2
GOST 5632-72	0.9-1	≤0.025	≤0.03	≤0.8	17-19	≤0.8	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.2

Fe is the basis.
According to GOST 5632-72, the chemical composition is given for steel grade 95X18.
According to TU 14-1-595-73, the chemical composition is given for steel grade 95X18-III.

Mechanical properties

Section, mm	t отпуска, °C	s_T\|s_0,2, MPa	σ_U, MPa	d₅, %	y, %	KCU, kJ/m²	HB, MPa	HRC
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1040 °C to + Vacation
-	200	-	-	-	-	≥265	-	≥59
Gradation of performance properties of the finished heat-treated parts for OST 1 90005-91
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	≥55
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C, cold treatment at -70 °C to + Leave at 400 °C
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	58-59
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1040 °C to + Vacation
-	300	-	-	-	-	≥285	-	≥53
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C, cold treatment at -70 °C to + Leave at 400 °C
-	-	-	-	-	-	120-180	-	57-58
Gradation of performance properties of the finished heat-treated parts for OST 1 90005-91
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	58-62
Billet (forgings) OST 95-10-72. Quenching in oil with 1000-1060 °C + Vacation at 200-300 °C, cooling in oil or air (sample)
≤200	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	50-60
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1040 °C to + Vacation
-	400	-	-	-	-	≥245	-	≥56
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C, cold treatment at -70 °C to + Leave at 400 °C
-	-	-	-	-	-	120-220	-	56-57
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching from 1000-1050 °C in oil + Vacation at 200-300 °C, air cooling
≤60	-	-	1470-1666	-	-	29.4-49	-	56.5
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1040 °C to + Vacation
-	500	-	-	-	-	≥205	-	≥56
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C, cold treatment at -70 °C to + Leave at 400 °C
-	-	-	-	-	-	120-220	-	56-57
Bars and rods, hot rolled, forged and polished in the delivery state after annealing at TU 14-1-595-73
	-	-	-	-	-	-	≤255	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	150	-	-	-	-	-	-	59-64
Bars and stripes. Heated up to 850-860 °C. Quenching from 1000-1070 °C in oil or air + cold treatment at minus 70-80 °C + vacation at 150-160 °C, air cooling
≤60	-	-	1980-2300	-	-	≥63	-	59
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	200	-	-	-	-	-	-	58-62
Bars hot rolled and forged at STP 26.260.484-2004. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 150-300 °C, air cooling
	-	≥1900	≥2000	≥2	≥10	≥196	-	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	300	-	-	-	-	-	-	55-59
Rolled steel. Incomplete annealing at 730-790 °C (2-6 h exposure)
≤60	-	≥770	≥880	≥12	≥25	-	-	24-29
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	400	-	-	-	-	-	-	56-59
Rolled steel. Full annealing at 885-920 °C (exposure 1-2 hours)
≤60	-	≥420	≥770	≥15	≥30	-	-	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	500	-	-	-	-	-	-	51-54
Forming at OST 1 90176-75. Quenching in oil with 1010-1040 °C + Vacation at 200-300 °C, cooling in air or in oil
	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	≥55
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil from 1050 °C + Vacation
-	600	-	-	-	-	-	-	41-44

Description mechanical marks

Name	Description
s_T\|s_0,2	Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2%
σ_U	Limit short-term strength
d₅	Elongation after rupture
y	The relative narrowing
KCU	Toughness
HB	Brinell hardness number
HRC	Rockwell hardness (indenter diamond spheroconical)

Physical characteristics

Temperature	Е, HPa	r, kg/m³	l, W/(m · °C)	a, 10^-6 1/°C	С, J/(kg · °C)
20	204	7750	24	-	-
100	-	7730	-	118	483
800	-	7540	-	-	-
200	-	-	-	123	-
300	-	-	-	127	483
400	-	-	-	131	-
500	-	-	-	131	-
700	-	-	-	134	-

A description of the physical symbols

Name	Description
Е	The normal elasticity modulus
G	Modulus of elasticity shear torsion
r	Density
l	Coefficient of thermal conductivity
R	UD. the resistivity

Technological properties

Name	The value
Weldability	Does not apply to welded structures.
Склонность к отпускной хрупкости	Inclined at the tempering temperature of 450 to 600 °C.
The temperature of forging	Start - 1180 °C, the end - 850 °C. the cross Sections up to 700 mm is subjected to annealing by recrystallization, leave.
Flock-sensitive sensitivity	Minor.
Machinability	In the annealed condition with NV 212-217 and blower SB=700 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0,86 Kn b.St.=0,35. To improve the machinability and the hardness HB ≤ 240 of the workpiece is subjected to annealing at 740-780 °C for 2-6 h with air cooling.
Macrostructure and pollution	Pollution bars nemetallicheskie inclusions on the other 14-1-595-73 shall not exceed (in points, not more): for bars up to 20 mm inclusive, for oxides and silicates in 1.5 sulphides - 1,0, globular - 1,0; for bars over 20 mm to 110 mm inclusive - on oxides and silicates - 1,5, sulphides and 1.5, globular - 1,5; for bars more than 110 to 150 mm inclusive, for oxides and silicates - 2,0, sulphides - 2,0, globular - 2,0. In assessing the macrostructure of steel shall be accepted: Central porosity ≤1.0 points; total porosity ≤1.0 points; exudation square ≤0.50 points.
Microstructure	Hot rolled and forged bars sizes up to 11 mm inclusive are controlled by the presence of carbide heterogeneity.
Features of heat treatment	Steel products can be subjected to hardening, leave, annealing. The quenching and tempering of the products is done to achieve: a) maximum corrosion resistance; b) the specified level of mechanical properties. Hardening of steel products is carried out in oil with 1000-1050 °C. the holding Time at the heating for hardening to products with a wall thickness or diameter up to 10 mm - 20 min., above 10mm-20 min + 1 min per 1 mm maximum thickness. The heating of the parts (workpieces) in the temperature range from 500 °C to 800 °C must be carried out at a speed of not more than 200 °C per hour. In the temperature range 750 - 800 °C it is necessary to give exposure to the full heating of the charge. Further heating to the quenching temperature produced by the furnace. For parts with thickness (diameter) up to 120 mm the rate of heating is not limited and aging at a temperature of from 750 °C to 800 °C is not possible. The time between quenching and the beginning of vacation - less than 3 hours. Products made of 95X18 steel after quenching is subjected to release on mode: heating to 150-300 °With, exposure for 1-3 hours, cooling in air. To alleviate steel of grade 95X18 produce full annealing at 880-920 °C, 1-2 h. (HB 95-99) or a partial annealing at 730-790 °C. 2-6 h (HRC 22-27). Not allowed vacation at 450-550 °C, Since this leads to a decrease in toughness. Workpiece to improve the mechanical workability is subjected to intermediate annealing at 600-760 °C for 2-4 h.