Steel 35HML

Designation

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	35ХМЛ
Designation GOST Latin	35XML
Transliteration	35HML
By chemical elements	35CrMo

Description

35HML steel is used: for the manufacture of castings, gears, joints, bushings, gear rims and wheels, furnace parts and other critical parts which have to meet the requirement of high strength and toughness, working under the action of high static and dynamic loads and require high hardness; performance parts mining equipment parts heavy and transport machine-building; casting parts mining and metallurgical machinery; casting parts, steam, gas, hydraulic turbines, and axial compressors.

Note

Cold-resistant steel.

Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Castings with special properties (iron and steel)	В83	GOST 21357-87, KSt 81-033:2009
Steel castings	В82	GOST 977-88, OST 24.920.01-80, OST 3-4365-79, TU 108.11.352-87
Welding and cutting metals. Soldering, riveting	В05	RTM 108.020.122-78

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Ni	Fe	Cu	Mo
KSt 81-033:2009	0.3-0.4	≤0.04	≤0.04	0.4-0.9	0.8-1.1	0.2-0.4	-	Rest	-	0.2-0.3
GOST 21357-87	0.3-0.4	≤0.02	≤0.02	0.4-0.9	0.9-1.1	0.2-0.4	≤0.3	Rest	≤0.3	0.2-0.3

Fe is the basis.

Mechanical properties

Section, mm	t отпуска, °C	s_T\|s_0,2, MPa	σ_U, MPa	d	y, %	KCU, kJ/m²	HB, MPa
Hardening in air, 860-870 °C + vacation at 600-650 °C, air cooling
100	-	≥540	≥687	≥12	≥25	≥392	-
Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling
10	-	520-590	754-840	13-18	30-43	-	229-255
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation
-	600	740	830	22	52	-	250
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air
-	-	400-500	640-700	12-19	25-47	-	-
Normalization at 860-880 °C + vacation at 600-650 °C, air cooling
100	-	≥392	≥589	≥12	≥20	≥294	163-225
Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling
100	-	390-450	690-750	13-19	22-53	-	216-255
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation
-	650	700	830	26	55	-	238
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air
-	-	440-490	640-690	12-16	23-49	-	-
Annealing at 850-870 °C, cooling with the furnace
100	-	-	-	-	-	-	160-229
Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling
200	-	300-330	640-660	11-15	19-23	-	206
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation
-	700	640	760	32	60	-	225
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air
-	-	450-590	680-780	9-14	17-41	-	-
Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling
30	-	500-520	730-750	15-22	32-44	-	229
Casting. Quenching in oil with 890-910 °C + vacation at 620-640 °C, cooling in air or in oil (KCU-60)
-	-	≥600	≥700	≥10	≥18	≥3	-
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air
-	-	410-530	650-720	12-20	36-62	-	-
Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling
50	-	445-530	730-790	14-19	23-45	-	216-255
Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air
-	-	345-425	445-550	17-21	51-74	-	-
Annealing at 880-890 °C, air cooling up to 250-300 °C + aging 2 hours in a furnace at 250 °C + heat to 600-610 °C, air cooling + tempering in oil 870-880 °C + vacation at 630-640 °C, air cooling
10	-	640-740	810-870	12-15	36-44	-	255-285
50	-	495-580	740-780	15-17	28-44	-	-

Description mechanical marks

Name	Description
s_T\|s_0,2	Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2%
σ_U	Limit short-term strength
d	Elongation after rupture
y	The relative narrowing
KCU	Toughness
HB	Brinell hardness number

Physical characteristics

Temperature	Е, HPa	G, HPa	r, kg/m³	l, W/(m · °C)	R, Mr. · m	a, 10^-6 1/°C	С, J/(kg · °C)
0	215	83	7840	47	242	-	-
20	215	-	7840	47	242	-	-
100	212	81	-	44	273	122	479
200	207	79	-	42	337	126	500
300	203	77	-	40	438	134	512
400	192	74	-	37	549	143	529
500	179	69	-	34	674	145	550
600	166	63	-	31	830	146	580
700	141	53	-	28	983	147	617
800	130	49	-	27	1120	122	689
900	-	-	-	27	1201	122	689
1100	-	-	-	-	-	127	685

A description of the physical symbols

Name	Description
Е	The normal elasticity modulus
G	Modulus of elasticity shear torsion
r	Density
l	Coefficient of thermal conductivity
С	Specific heat

Technological properties

Name	The value
Weldability	Limited weldability. Welding methods - RDS, ADS under gas protection. Recommended heating and subsequent heat treatment.
Склонность к отпускной хрупкости	Tend not.
Flock-sensitive sensitivity	Sensitive.
Machinability	After quenching and tempering at NV 217-269 and blower SB=690-900 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0,72 Kn b.St.=0,63.
Welding defects	Welding defects of castings after cutting is carried out with preliminary and attendant heating to 250-300 °C. Welding defects by manual welding is done with electrodes type e-09Х1М (GOST 9467) brand CO-2XM. After repair of defects by welding is applied heat treatment.