Steel 12H13 (1Х13)

Designation

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	12Х13
Designation GOST Latin	12X13
Transliteration	12H13
By chemical elements	12Cr13

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	1Х13
Designation GOST Latin	1X13
Transliteration	1H13
By chemical elements	1Cr13

Description

Steel 12H13 used: for the manufacture of parts with high ductility, stresses; for products exposed to slightly aggressive media at room temperature, and parts operating at 450−500 °C; steam turbine blades operating at temperatures up to +580 °C; and tube boiler parts; parts aircraft, parts, aircraft instruments, screws, nuts, bolts, small gears, parts of gear and vane compressors, heat treated for hardness HRC<35; rolled rings for different purposes.

Note

Steel chromium corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and high-temperature martensite-ferritic class.
The greatest corrosion resistance is achieved after heat treatment (quenching and tempering), and polishing. The recommended maximum operating temperature for a long time to +550 °C.
Temperature intense scaling in air is +700 °C.

Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Sheets and strips	В23	GOST 103-2006
Bars and shapes	В22	GOST 1133-71, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006
Wire, steel, alloy	В73	GOST 18143-72
Processing of metals by pressure. Forgings	В03	GOST 25054-81, OST 5Р.9125-84, OST 26-01-135-81, TU 0306.018-80
Sheets and strips	В33	GOST 4405-75, GOST 5582-75, GOST 7350-77, TU 14-1-2186-77, TU 14-1-3620-83
Tape	В34	GOST 4986-79
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В30	GOST 5632-72
Bars and shapes	В32	GOST 5949-75, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 14955-77, GOST 18907-73, GOST 18968-73, GOST 19442-74, OST 1 92049-76, TU 14-1-1404-75, TU 14-1-2720-79, TU 14-1-2972-80, TU 14-1-3564-83, TU 14-1-377-72, TU 14-1-3957-85, TU 14-1-655-73, TU 14-1-95-71, TU 14-11-245-88
Steel pipes and fittings to them	В62	GOST 9940-81, GOST 9941-81, TU 1301-001-32003846-2001, TU 14-3-1654-89
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В20	OST 1 90005-91
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В21	OST 1 90176-75
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В31	OST 108.020.03-82, OST 3-1686-90, OST 95-10-72, TU 14-1-565-84
Thermal and thermochemical treatment of metals	В04	STP 26.260.484-2004, ST ЦКБА 016-2005

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Ni	Fe	Cu	V	Ti	Mo	W
TU 14-1-1404-75	0.09-0.15	≤0.025	≤0.03	≤0.5	12-14	≤0.6	-	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.2
TU 14-1-2186-77	0.09-0.15	≤0.025	≤0.03	≤0.6	12-14	≤0.6	≤0.6	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.2
GOST 5632-72	0.09-0.15	≤0.025	≤0.03	≤0.8	12-14	≤0.8	-	Rest	≤0.3	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.2

Fe is the basis.
According to TU 14-1-1404-75 the chemical composition is given for the brand 12X13-SH.
According to TU 14-1-2186-77 for steel smelted with electroslag remelting the content of S ≤ 0.015%.

Mechanical properties

Section, mm	t отпуска, °C	s_T\|s_0,2, MPa	σ_U, MPa	d₅, %	d₄	d	y, %	KCU, kJ/m²	HB, MPa
Rolled sheet. Quenching in air to 960 °C + Vacation
-	≥250	≥930	≥1270	≥15	-	-	≥60	-	360-380
Sample prokatnyh with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. the Rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	-	≥69	≥82	≥48	-	-	≥95	-	-
Bars at 20 °C. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 750 °C (indicated temperature and time of heat exposure)
-	-	≥430	≥630	≥24	-	-	≥71	-	-
Gradation of performance properties of the finished heat-treated parts for OST 1 90005-91
-	-	-	640-830	-	-	-	-	-	197-248
Billet (forgings) OST 95-10-72. Quenching in oil or air from 1000-1050 °C to + Leave in 680-790 °C, cooling in oil or air (sample)
≤200	-	≥392	≥588	≥20	-	-	≥45	≥882	192-241
Rolled sheet. Quenching in air to 960 °C + Vacation
-	≥540	≥780	≥980	≥20	-	-	≥65	-	260-350
Sample prokatnyh with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. the Rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	-	≥63	≥78	≥60	-	-	≥81	-	-
Bars at 20 °C. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 750 °C (indicated temperature and time of heat exposure)
-	-	≥390	≥610	≥22	-	-	≥63	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, air cooling
≤60	-	≥410	≥588	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥882	170-195
Rolled sheet. Quenching in air to 960 °C + Vacation
-	≥600	≥620	≥780	≥22	-	-	≥65	-	210-250
Sample prokatnyh with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. the Rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	-	≥38	≥53	≥68	-	-	≥90	-	-
Bars at 20 °C. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 750 °C (indicated temperature and time of heat exposure)
-	-	≥370	≥610	≥20	-	-	≥52	-	-
Ring forged in OST 1 92049-76. Annealing in air or in oil with 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C With air cooling and if in oil and in water
25	-	≥410	≥590	≥15	-	-	≥48	≥657	-
Sample prokatnyh with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. the Rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	-	≥24	≥33	≥72	-	-	≥96	-	-
Bars at 20 °C. Quenching in oil 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 750 °C (indicated temperature and time of heat exposure)
-	-	≥420	≥610	≥24	-	-	≥71	-	-
Cold-rolled steel strip of 0.05-2.00 mm according to GOST 4986-79. Annealing or vacation at 740-800 °C (samples)
0.2-2	-	-	≥440	-	≥17	-	-	-	-
Sample prokatnyh with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. the Rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	-	≥14	≥20	≥62	-	-	≥95	-	-
Cold-rolled steel strip of 0.05-2.00 mm according to GOST 4986-79. Annealing or vacation at 740-800 °C (samples)
0.2	-	-	≥440	-	≥9	-	-	-	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil with 1030-1050 °C + Vacation at 680-700 °C
-	-	570-590	700-730	19-22	-	-	66-68	-	-
-	-	530-550	650-660	≥17	-	-	≥67	-	-
Hot rolled sheet (of 1.5-3.9 mm) and cold rolled (0,7-3,9 mm) steel according to GOST 5582-75. Annealing or vacation at 740-780 °C
-	-	-	≥440	≥21	-	-	-	-	-
Hot rolled sheet (4,0-50,0 mm) and cold rolled (4,0-5,0 mm) steel according to GOST 7350-77. Annealing in air 960-1020 °C + Vacation at 680-780 °C, air cooling or furnace
-	-	≥345	≥490	≥21	-	-	-	-	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil with 1030-1050 °C + Vacation at 680-700 °C
-	-	510-550	600-650	14-16	-	-	66-69	-	-
Hot rolled sheet (4,0-50,0 mm) and cold rolled (4,0-5,0 mm) steel according to GOST 7350-77. Joke mode manufacturer
-	-	≥250	≤650	≥15	-	-	-	-	-
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil with 1030-1050 °C + Vacation at 680-700 °C
-	-	460-490	570	13-15	-	-	64-67	-	-
Forgings. Annealing in air 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, cooling in air, oil or water
≤60	-	≥412	≥589	≥17	-	-	≥50	≥587	147-217
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil with 1030-1050 °C + Vacation at 680-700 °C
-	-	440-470	520-540	15-18	-	-	≥70	-	-
Forgings. Annealing in air 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, cooling in air, oil or water
100-300	-	≥412	≥589	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥883	147-217
Rolled steel. Quenching in oil with 1030-1050 °C + Vacation at 680-700 °C
-	-	310-410	330-450	20-27	-	-	79-85	186-265	-
Forgings. Annealing in air 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, cooling in air, oil or water
300-1000	-	≥392	≥539	≥14	-	-	≥35	≥481	187-229
60-100	-	≥412	≥589	≥19	-	-	≥55	≥785	147-217
Wire in the delivery state according to GOST 18143-72 (elongation, % at rated sample length of 100 mm is specified for the wire of the 1st class in brackets are for 2nd class)
1-6	-	-	490-740	-	-	≥20 (≥16)	-	-	-
Hire in the delivery condition, without heat treatment
-	-	-	≥500	≥14	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	≥400	≥21	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	≥220	≥400	-	-	-	-	-	-
Bars and strip hot rolled and forged GOST 18968-73. Normalization or annealing at 1000-1050 °C, cooling in air or in oil + Leave in 660-770 °C, air cooling
	-	440-610	≥620	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥784	192-229
	-	540-705	≥670	≥16	-	-	≥60	≥588	207-241
Bars processed on a given strength (TS) according to GOST 18907-73
≥5	-	-	490-780	-	-	≥16	-	-	-
Bars hot rolled and forged according to GOST 5949-75. Annealing in air or in oil at 1000-1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, air cooling
	-	≥410	≥590	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥883	-
Bars hot rolled and forged at STP 26.260.484-2004. Quenching in oil or air from 1000-1050 °C to + Leave in 650-790 °C, cooling in air, oil or water
	-	≥420	≥600	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥882	-
Seamless hot deformed tubes in the delivery condition according to GOST 9940-81
	-	-	≥392	≥21	-	-	-	-	-
Contoured rods (g/K, x/K and x/t for steam turbine blades; x/a and x/t for coupling blades of steam turbines) according to GOST 19442-74. Annealing in air or in oil with 1000-1050 °C to + Leave in 660-770 °C, air cooling (specified strength)
	-	441-607	617-784	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥784	187-229
Forming at OST 1 90176-75. Quenching in oil or in air from 1050 °C + Vacation at 700-790 °C, cooling in air or in oil
	-	≥412	≥589	≥20	-	-	≥60	≥882	-

Description mechanical marks

Name	Description
s_T\|s_0,2	Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2%
σ_U	Limit short-term strength
d₅	Elongation after rupture
d₄	Elongation after rupture
d	Elongation after rupture
y	The relative narrowing
KCU	Toughness
HB	Brinell hardness number

Physical characteristics

Temperature	Е, HPa	G, HPa	r, kg/m³	l, W/(m · °C)	R, Mr. · m	a, 10^-6 1/°C	С, J/(kg · °C)
0	217	85	7720	-	506	-	-
20	217	-	7720	-	506	-	-
100	212	80	7700	28	584	102	473
200	206	80	7670	28	679	112	487
300	198	77	7640	28	769	114	506
400	189	73	7620	28	854	118	527
500	180	68	7580	27	938	122	554
600	-	62	7550	26	1021	124	586
700	-	-	7520	26	1103	127	636
800	-	-	7490	25	-	13	657
900	-	-	7500	27	-	108	657
1000	-	-	-	-	-	108	-
1200	-	-	-	-	-	117	-
1100	-	-	-	-	-	-	666

A description of the physical symbols

Name	Description
Е	The normal elasticity modulus
G	Modulus of elasticity shear torsion
r	Density
l	Coefficient of thermal conductivity
R	UD. the resistivity
a	The coefficient of linear expansion
С	Specific heat

Technological properties

Name	The value
Weldability	Limited weldability. Welding methods: SMAW, submerged arc ADS, ARDS and CCC. Preheating and heat treatment are applied depending on the method of welding, type and purpose of the design.
Склонность к отпускной хрупкости	Inclined.
The temperature of forging	Start - 1230 °C, the end - 850 °C. the cross Sections up to 100 mm are cooled in air, 101-350 mm - in the pits.
Machinability	In the hardened and tempered condition when HB 235 and blower SB=730 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0.8 Kn b.St.=0,5. To improve the machinability and the hardness HB ≤ 170 of the workpiece is subjected to annealing at 740-780 °C for 1-3 h with air cooling.
Features of heat treatment	To obtain characteristic values of mechanical properties and hardness established by the CDB ST And 010 and to achieve maximum corrosion resistance, parts (workpiece) valves shall be subjected to hardening and tempering. Martensite steel-ferritic class is used in the hardened and tempered condition. For steel 12X13 usually apply two modes of heat treatment providing a combination of corrosion resistance with different levels of strength. The first mode is hardening from 980-1020 °C with cooling in oil or air and tempering at 250-400 °C, air cooling. The second mode is quenched from 920-950 °C, cooling in oil or air and tempering 540-700 °C. If the steel 12X13 is used as a refractory material, the thermal treatment is carried out in the form of quenching from 1000-1050 °C in air or oil and tempering at 650-790 °C with cooling in air, oil or water. Heating for hardening is oversized and welded products as well as products having sharp transitions in thickness, is carried out with preliminary heating at 700-750 °C. the exposure time is reduced by 25 %. Not allowed to leave at 400-500 °C due to the fact that sharply decreases the impact strength of the product. Low vacation (275-350 °C) is not permitted for fasteners and precision pairs, as during operation and storage at subzero temperatures may increase their size in result of transformation of austenite to martensite. Welded components and products of steel 12X13 for improving the corrosion resistance is subjected to annealing regime: heating to 690-750 °C, exposure - 1,5-2,0 h, air cooling.