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Saturation magnetization

This characteristic determines the amount of residual austenite contained in die steels, which, unlike ferrite and martensite, is not a magnetic component. For medium-carbon steels intended for hot work dies, this parameter is established after quenching and compared with the values of samples that have been subjected to austenitizing (cooling to negative temperatures, at which the γ-phase completely disintegrates). For cold-worked die steels, such a procedure is not possible, so one that has been annealed is used as a reference sample. For complex-alloyed steels containing special carbides, the value of saturation magnetization is taken according to the results of approximate calculations.

Residual magnetization

For die steels, the coercive force is a measure of structural heterogeneity ... It depends on the interface between the individual grains of the microstructure, the number and location of dislocations, the level of internal stresses. The parameter of coercive force is used to specify favourable tempering intervals and intensity of current relaxation processes.

Specific electrical resistance

The change of this parameter is used to judge the intensity of structural transformations in die steels, which occur during their heat treatment. The greatest influence on resistivity has the content of alloying elements. For the majority of the die grades, this parameter varies from 6...8 ^Ohms-m-5 during hardening to 3...5 ^Ohms-m-5 during tempering. Evek GmbH offers to buy stamping steel at an affordable price in a wide range. We provide product delivery anywhere in the continent. The price is optimal.

Thermal conductivity/temperature conductivity

The change in this characteristic depends on the composition of martensite, which decreases during quenching and increases again during subsequent tempering. It was found that the change in thermal physical properties of most die grades occurs in the same way as the change in electrical conductivity. After annealing and hardening the thermal conductivity decreases and after tempering it increases. The range of values of specific thermal conductivity of cold-deformed die grades is 0,06...0,15 cal/cmsgrad, and that of hot-deformed die grades is 0,09...0,20 cal/cmsgrad.

Thermal expansion

The intensity of change in linear dimensions of die parts during their heating is related to the forces of interatomic bonds and composition of excess phases. In this case, the thermal expansion coefficient is 9,^610-6...^1410-6, and determines the deformation of the working parts of the die after their hardening and tempering. Maximum changes are typical for die steels, which undergo α↔γ transformation, i .e., transition to austenitic state in the process of heat treatment. Therefore, operation of such steels at temperatures exceeding the critical points leads to rapid loss of their serviceability due to the appearance of a net of hot spots cracks.

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