Pitting corrosion
General Characteristics
Passivation of stainless steel is caused by the formation of a Cr2 O3 oxide film. In the absence of oxygen (or substitution by another type of ion), no passivation film is formed on the surface of stainless steel. In the worst case, small local punctuations will disturb the oxide layer at a number of critical points. Corrosion at these points forms corrosion lacunae of several types, depending on conditions. Corrosion lacunae can continue to grow even when the corrosive factor disappears because there is no oxygen inside the lacunae. Sharp ends of long and narrow lacunae can form stress concentrations and cause elastic alloys to fail - pinholes appear in thin films with finger-thick depressions in their depths.
Pitting corrosion
Pitting corrosion can cause a gradual and unnoticeable deterioration of the entire structure. Pitting corrosion can be halted by allowing the material to be exposed to oxygen, the elimination of crevices and the removal of deposits of salts. Pitting cor rosion is characteristic of exposure to a solution of concentrated salts, such as sea water at elevated temperatures.
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