Corrosion cracking and fracture of steel
General Characteristics
Corrosion cracking is a serious problem. This type of corrosion occurs when steel is subjected to tensile stress in a corrosive environment, most commonly seawater at elevated temperatures. This tensile stress can be a result of the work load, or the presence of residual stresses from cold-forming the structure. Tensile stresses are reduced by annealing (normalization).
Corrosion Cracking Factors
This type of corrosion cracking is typical in austenitic stainless steels and depends on the percentage of nickel.Corrosion cracking limits the use of stainless steel in aqueous environments, particularly in salt water at t° > 50 °C, and the use of stainless steel in the oil industry where the materials come into contact with liquids and gases rich in hydrogen sulfide, such as high sulfur gas. Tensile stress and salt ions accelerate corrosion. Very high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide will even retard corrosion. With increasing temperature - the aggressive influence of salts increases, and the influence of sulfur, on the contrary, decreases due to the increased mobility of ions in the crystal lattice. The temperature of 60-100 ° C for corrosion-fatigue fracture of steel is critical.
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