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Features of heat treatment

For most of cemented steels requires double heat treatment first hardening (normalization) from 850 ... 900 ° C; second hardening of 780 ... 800 ° C, and then tempering at 150 ... 200 ° C. In the first stage, recrystallization improves the structure of the core, which contains a reduced percentage of carbon, and also eliminates the cementite mesh that forms in the surface layer. However, for a layer enriched with carbon, the temperature of 850...900° C is too high. Therefore, overheating is eliminated by performing a re-hardening. At the same time, the necessary hardness values of the surface layers of steel are achieved. The subsequent tempering removes internal and most of the residual stresses (for parts with complex shapes).

Structure

The final structure of the surface layer after heat treatment is a fine needle martensite (in which the carbides are evenly distributed) and some residual austenite. The core areas are occupied by low-carbon martensite and ferrite. This two-stage heat treatment is considered to be the main feature of heat treatment of case hardened alloy steels. Evek GmbH offers to buy cemented structural alloy steel at an affordable price in a wide range. We provide delivery of products anywhere in the continent. The price is optimal.

Heat treatment modes

Heat treatment of steels having fine-grained structure (typical, in particular, hardening of 18KhGT steel grade) is performed immediately after the product is taken out of the cementation furnace. The method of such hardening is simple and economical as it allows to avoid reheating, but sometimes it is accompanied by increased warpage of parts which increases with increasing values of hardening temperatures. A significant percentage of residual austenite remains in the final structure of steels, which reduces the hardness of the steel. To reduce the residual austenite in the cemented layer after quenching and tempering, cold treatment or high tempering at 600...650° C is carried out (to the residual austenite decays).

Warpage and hardness

There are two ways to reduce warpage during hardening of cemented alloy steels:

• Quenching in oil heated to temperatures of 160...180° C;
• Quenching in forging dies (the method is used mainly for forgings of complex shape).

For cemented parts, such as heavily loaded gears, it is important to achieve the necessary strength and hardness of the product core. For this purpose, high tempering at 580...620°C is carried out. The hardness of the core in this case is 40 ... 45 HRC.

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