According to the results of medical studies from Austria, the great composer Beethoven, whose works are considered classics of the genre of music, he became a victim of lead poisoning. A significant amount of the toxic substance contained both bone fragments subjected to research and celebrity hair. If the original version of physicians based on the possible content of hazardous mercury compounds in drug discovery, which used the musician during his fight against sexually transmitted illnesses, then a more detailed study has fundamentally change the initial opinion. In order to establish the true cause of death of the great musician employees Aragon National Laboratory submission were presented bone fragments of Beethoven's skull. A businessman from California rarity inherited from their ancestors, the line of which goes back to the Austrian doctors who treated a celebrity. Donate as a specific property of the businessman decided in the name of science and the search for truth. Beethoven's hair had the opportunity to buy in a private collection put up for auction. After a detailed study of the remains, scientists were able to establish that the lead content of the material exceeds the maximum permissible level in more than a hundred times. But how such a dangerous substance in large quantities regularly ingested a known person and there was concentrated until now remained a mystery. Today the secret has been revealed, and the history of the veil completely removed. It turns out the composer, in his last years much bothered by pain in the chest area. The doctor to whom Beethoven asked for help, applied for the treatment of this disease associated with the accumulation of fluid in the breast department, lead dressing. Despite the fact that the dose of harmful toxin initially seemed insignificant to provoke the death of the patient, but a liver disease aggravated the situation. After the post-mortem examination of the musician doctors were able to detect a progressive cirrhosis of the liver. In this case, even small doses of lead are contraindicated maestro. This case illustrates that the treatment should be individualized, and lead can act as a drug, and the strongest toxin depending on the dosage.
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Nickel alloys
- Precision alloys Din, En
-
Monel, Nimonik, Inconel, Hasteloy
- Incoloy 20
- Nicofer 3718
- Alloy 333®
- Waspalloy
- Brightray C® - 2.4869
- Incoloy 800
- Incoloy 825
- Incoloy 901
- Incoloy 925®
- Incoloy DS
- Inconel 600
- Inconel 601
- Inconel 602 CA
- Inconel 617
- Inconel 625
- Inconel 686
- Inconel 693
- Inconel 706
- Inconel 718
- Inconel 725
- Inconel 738
- Inconel 792
- Inconel X 750
- Inconel HX
- Incotherm
- Incotest
- Jethete M152
- Cobalt 6B
- Maraging 250
- Renee 41
- Maraging 300
- Maraging 350
- MP35N
- MP159
- Multimet n155
- Nicrofer 5923 hMo
- Nicofer 6030
- Nitronic 40
- Nitronic 50
- Nitronic 60
- Nitronic 75
- Nimonik 80a
- Nimonik 90
- Nimonik 263
- Haynes 25
- Haynes 188
- Haynes 230
- Hastelloy b2
- Hastelloy b3
- Hastelloy c4
- Hastelloy c22
- Hastelloy C-276
- Hastelloy C2000
- Hastelloy 3
- Hastelloy x
- Udimet 500
- Udimet 720
-
Precision alloys
- NP-2
- NP1А-ID
- NP1A
- 16Х
- 27KH
- 29NC
- 32NC
- 32NKD
- 33NC
- Alloy 34NKMP
- Pipe 36N
- 36KNM
- Pipe 36NHTYU
- 36NCHTU5M
- 36NCHTU8M
- 38NKD
- 40KHNM
- Alloy 40XNYU-VI
- Alloy 42H, Invar
- Perminvar
- 42NHTU
- 44NHTU
- Tape, a circle, a wire 45N
- 45NHT
- 47ND
- 47NHR
- 49KF
- 49K2F, 49K2FA-VI
- Pipe 50N
- Alloy 50NP
- 50NHS
- Alloy 52H
- 52K12F
- 56DGNH
- 68NHVKTU.
- Pipe 79NM
- 80NM
- 80NMV-VI
- 80NHS
- 81NMA
- Types of precision alloys
- Thermostatic bimetals
- Precision pipe
-
Steel HN32T - HN78T
- CHN28VMAB
- CRN30MBD
- Pipe HN32T
- CRN35VB
- HN35VT
- HN35VTJU
- CRN38VT
- CRN40MDB
- Sheet, round, wire HN40MDTYU
- Pipe HN45YU
- Sheet, round, wire HN45MVTYUBR
- Sheet, round, wire HN50MVTYUB
- Sheet, round, wire HN50VMTYUBK
- Sheet, round, wire HN50MVKTYUR
- CRN55VMTKU
- CHN55MBU
- Sheet, round, wire HN56MVKYU
- Sheet, round, wire HN56MVTYU
- CHN56MBUD
- CHN58B
- Sheet, round, wire HN60VMTYUR
- Pipe HN60VT
- CRN60M
- ХН60Ю
- CRN62VMYUT
- CHN62MVKU
- CHN63MB
- Pipe HN65VM
- HN65VMTYU
- CHN67MVTU
- Sheet, round, wire HN68VKTYU
- Pipe, round, alloy HN68VMTYUK-VD
- CRN70VMTU
- CHN73MBTU
- CHN70U
- CHN75MBTU
- CHN75TBU
- CHN77TU
- CHN77TUR
- CHN78T
- CHN80TBU
- H65M, EP982
- H70MFV
- Copper-nickel alloys
- Nichrome and Fechral
- Thermocouple wire
- Titan
-
Stainless steel
- Stainless steel
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Heat-resistant stainless steel
- 10X23H18
- 15CR5M
- 12x25n16g7ar
- 15X25T
- 20X23H13
- AISI 309S
- 20Х20Н14С2
- 20X23H18
- 20X25H20C2
- 12Х18Н10Т
- Alloy 1.4713
- Alloy 1.4724
- Alloy 1.4742
- 1.4749 - aisi 446-1
- Alloy 253 MA
- 1.4903 (X10CrMoVNb9-1)
- 1.4910 - aisi 316Ln
- 1.4919 - aisi 316h
- Alloy 1.4922
- Alloy 1.4923
- Alloy 286 - 1.4944
- Aisi 347H - 1.4961
- Alloy A-286
- Heat-resistant heat-resistant pipe
-
Austenitic stainless steel
- 03Х17Н14М3
- 03X18H11
- 03CRNI28MDT
- 06CRNI28MDT
- 07X16H6
- 08X18H10
- 10Х17Н13М2Т
- 08CR18NI10TI
- 1.4303 - aisi 305
- 1.4305 - aisi 303
- 1.4307 - AISI 304L
- 1.4316 - aisi 308L
- Alloy 1815
- Св-08Х20Н9Г7Т - 1.4370
- 12Х15Г9НД
- Аіsі 316 - 1.4401
- Alloy 1.4418
- 1.4429 - aisi 316Ln
- Alloy 1.4430
- Alloy 1.4432
- Alloy 1.4435
- Alloy 1.4436
- 1.4438 - aisi 317L
- 1.4439 - aisi 317 LMn
- 1.4466 - aisi 310MoLn
- Al6xn alloy
- 15-7Ph® - 1.4532
- PH 13-8 Mo - 1.4534
- 1.4542 - 17-4Ph®
- Сustom 455® - 1.4543 - uns s45500
- 1.4545 - 15-5Ph®
- 1.4548 - 17-4Ph®
- 1.4550 - aisi 347
- 1.4567 - aisi 304Cu
- 1.4570 - aisi303Cu
- 1.4574 - Alloy PH 15-7 Mo®
- 1.4580 - aisi 316Cb
- 1.4597 - aisi 204Cu
- Alloy 28 - 1.4563
- Alloy 31 - 1.4562
- Alloy 254smo® - 1.4547
- Alloy 926 - 1.4529
- AM-350 - ams 5548
- AM-355 - ams 5547
- Custom 450® - uns S45000
- Greek Ascoloy 418
- Corrosion-resistant pipe
- Ferritic stainless steel
- Martensitic stainless steel
- Duplex stainless steel
-
Specialty steels
- 01H18М2Т
- 02N18К9М5Т
- 02X18H11
- 02CR25N22AM2
- 02CR8H22C6
- 03N18К8М5Т
- 03N18К9М5Т
- 03X20H16AG6
- 03Х21Н21М4ГБ
- 03X22H6M2
- 03Х24Н6АМ3
- 07H12NМBF
- 07CR21G7AN5
- 07H25N16АG6F
- 08x15n24v4tr
- 08X17H13M2T
- 08CR17NR15M3T
- 08CR18NI12B
- 08Х21Н6М2Т
- 09x14n19v2br
- 10Х11Н20Т2Р
- 10h11n20t3r
- 10h11n23t3mr
- 10Х14Г14Н4Т
- 10Х17Н13М3Т
- 10H18N18YU4D
- 11Х11Н2В2МФ
- 12X18H9T
- 13Х11Н2В2МФ
- 15x11mf
- 15x12vnmf
- 15H12N2MVFAB
- 15H16К5N2МVFAB
- 15H16N2АМ
- 18CR11MNFB
- 18X12VMBFR
- 20X12VNMF
- 20CR3MOVF
- 21NКМТ
- 37X12H8G8MFB
- 40CR10CR2M
- 40X9C2
- 45Х14Н14В2М
- 50H14МF
- 65Х13
- 90H18МF
- 95Х18
- Stainless steel pipe fittings
- Rare and refractory
-
Bronze, copper, brass
- Rolled Bronze
-
Bronze rental (DIN, EN)
- Tin bronze
- C90700, 2.1050, CuSn10
- 2.1052, CuSn12
- C91700, 2.1060, CuSn12Ni
- C92700, 2.1061, CuSn12Pb
- C93200, 2.1090, CuSn7ZnPb
- C90500, CuSn10Zn
- Lead Bronze
- C93700, 2.1177, CuSn10Pb10
- C93800, 2.1183 - CuSn7Pb15
- C94100, CuSn5Pb20
- Aluminum bronze
- C61000, 2.0921, CuAl8
- C61400, 2.0932, CuAl8Fe3
- C95200, 2.0940, CuAl10Fe
- C95500, 2.0970, CuAl9Ni3fe2
- C95300, CuAl9
- C62300-CuAl10Fe3
- C62400-CuAl11Fe3
- Nickel aluminum bronze
- c63000, 2.0966, CuAl10Ni5Fe4
- c95500, 2.0975, CuAI10Fe5Ni5
- C95800, 2.0975, CuAl10Ni
- C95520, CuAl11Ni
- 2.0872, CuNi10Fe1Mn, Cw352h
- Flint aluminum bronze
- CW301G, C64200
- Silicon Bronze
- C65500, CuAl11Fe3
- C65620, CuSi3Fe2Zn3
- C65100, CuSi1.5
- Tin-lead bronze
- c92200, CuSn6Zn4Pb2
- Rolled copper
-
Brass rolling GOST
- Brass pipe
- Wire
- Circle
- Ribbon
- Sheet
- Hexagon
- Brass casting
- LS59-1, CuZn40Pb2
- L60, CuZn40
- L63, C27200
- L68, CuZn33
- L70, CuZn30
- L80, CuZn20
- L90, CuZn10, C52400
- L96, 2.0220, CuZn5
- Lo62-1, 2.0530, c46400
- Lo70-1, CuZn28Sn1As, c44300
- Lo90-1, C41000
- Lc40s, CuZn37AI1, C85800
- LMC58-2, 2.0572, CuZn40Mn2
- LZMC59-1-1
- LAJ60-1-1
- LК80-3
-
Brass Rolled Products Din, En
- Lead-free brass and low-alloy copper
- C21000, 2.0220, CuZn5
- C22000, 2.0230, CuZn10
- C23000, 2.0240, CuZn15
- C24000, 2.0250, CuZn20
- C26000, 2.0265, CuZn30
- 2.0280, CuZn33, C26800
- 2.0321, CuZn37
- C28000, 2.0360, CuZn40
- 2.0490, CuZn31Si1
- Admiralty brass, marine brass
- CuZn28Sn1, C44300
- CuZn39Sn1, c46400
- Leaded brass
- C37000, 2.0371, CuZn38Pb1.5
- C36000, 2.0375, CuZn36Pb3
- C37700, 2.0380, CuZn39Pb2
- C38500, 2.0401, CuZn39Pb3
- C38010, 2.0402, CuZn40Pb2
- C35330, CuZn36Pb2As, cw602n
- Aluminum brass
- CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn40Al2, 2.0550
- C68700, CuZn20Al2
- C86300, CuZn19Al6
- Red brass
- C84400, CuSn2ZnPb
- C83600, CuSn5ZnPb
-
Non-ferrous metals
- Babbitt, solder, tin
- Aluminum rolled products
- Rolled aluminum GOST
-
Aluminum rolled products (EN)
- Alloy 1050
- Alloy 1100
- 2014, 3.1255, AlCu4SiMg
- 2219, AlCu6Mn
- AlMn1Cu, 3003, 3.0517
- AlMg2,5 , 5052, 3.3523
- AlMg4.5Mn0.7, 5083, 3.3547
- AlMg1SiCu, 6061, 3.3214
- AlMg0.7Si, 6063, 3.3206
- AlSi1MgMn, 6082, 3.2315
- AlZn4.5Mg1.5M, 7005
- AlZn6CuMgZr, 7050, 3.4144
- AlZn5.5MgCu, 7075, 3.4365
- Automotive aluminum alloys
- Aluminum alloys with rare metals
- Dural
- Rolled non-ferrous metals
-
Alloy steel
-
Boiler and spring steel
- Spring and spring steel
- 50hf, 50CrV4, 50hf
- 51CrVA, 51CrV4, 1.8159
- 55C2A, 55Si7, 1.5026
- 60G, c60e, 1.1221
- 60C2, 60si7, 60s2
- 60C2A, 60mnsicr4, 1.2826
- 60C2HA, 54sicr6, 1.7103
- 65, c67s, 1.1231
- 65G, ck67, 65g
- 65C2VA, 65Si7, 1.5028
- Boiler steel
- 12X1MF, 14MoV6-3, 13hmf
- 13KHFA
- 15h1m1f, 15crmov5-9, 1.8521
- 15CrM, 13CrMo4-5, 15hm
- 18C11MNFB, X22CrMoV12-1
- 20K, p265gh, st41k
- 30Cr3MF, 31CrMoV9
- Heat-resistant, relaxation-resistant steel
- 30CrMo4, 25CrMo4, 1.7218
- 25X1MF, 21CrMoV5-7
- 25X2M1F, 24CrMoV5-5
- 35CrM, 34CrMo4
-
Structural steel
- Bearing steel
- ShKh15, 100Cr6, aisi 52100
- Nitriding structural steels
- 38х2muA, 34CrAlMo5, 38hmj
- 40X, 41cr4, 40h
- Cementable structural steel
- 12CrNi2, 15CrNi6, 15hn
- 12XHN3A, 14nicr14, 12hn3a
- 15X, 15Cr3, aisi 5115
- 18CrG, 16MnCr5
- 18hgt, 20mncr5
- 18h2n4va, 18CrNiMo7-6
- 18h2n4ma, x19nicrmo4
- 20X, 20Cr4
- 20хgnm, 20NiCrMo2-2, aisi 8620
- 20Cr2N4A, 20cr2ni4a
- Low-alloy structural steel
- 09G2S, 13mn6, 09g2s
- 14G2, 17mn4, p295gh
- 16gs, 15ga
- 16G2AF, p460n, s420n
- 17G1S, s355j2g3
- 17G1S-U, St52-3, s355j0
- 35G2, 35s20
- 45G2, 45g2, aisi 1144
- Alloy structural steel
- 10g2, 10g2, aisi 1513
- 12Х2Н4А,15NiCr13, 1.5752
- AC14, 11SMnPb30
- 20G, 20mn5
- 20KhN3A, aisi 4320, 20hn3a
- 20CrMo5, 24CrMo5, 20hm
- 25CrMo5, 20CrMo5, 1.7264
- 30X, aisi 5130, 30h
- 30hgs, 30hgs
- 30hgsa, 30hgsa
- 30hgsn2a, 30hgsna
- 30CrNiMo8, 30CrNiMo8
- 30xn3a, 31nicr14
- 34хн3ма, 36NiCrMo16, 35NiCrMo16
- 35hgs, 35hgs
- 35hgsa, 35hgsa
- as35g2, 36smnpb14, 1.0765
- 38Cr2n2ma, 34CrNiMo6, 40NiCrMo7
- 40CrNiMo4, 34CrNiMo4, 36hnm
- 38HS, 37hs
- 38ХА, 37Cr4, aisi 5135
- 38KhN3MFA, 35KhNrmov12-5
- 40G, 40Mn4, aisi 1035
- 38CrMo4, 42CrMo4, aisi 1.7225
- 40KhN, 36NiCr6, aisi 3135
- 40XFA, 1.7223, aisi 4142
- 45X, 45h, 1.7035
- 45KhN2MFA, k2425, 45hnmf
- A40G, 44smn28, 1.0762, 46s20
-
Tool steels
- Alloy tool steel
- 5XHV, 56NiCrMoV7, 1.2714
- 5KhV2SF, 1.2542, nz2
- 9KhF, 80CrV2, ncv1
- 11KhF, 115CrV3, 1.2210
- CVG, 105WCr6, 1.2419
- CGS, 100CrMn6, ncms
- Roll tool steel
- Steel X, 102Cr6, 1.2067, Stal 52100
- Stamping steel
- 3X3M3F, 32CrMoV12-28, 1.2365
- 3X2V8F, X30WCrV9-3, 1.2581
- 4X5MFS, X37CrMoV5-1, 1.2343
- 4X5MF1S, X40CrMoV5-1, 1.2344
- 5KhGM, 40CrMnMo7, 1.2311, aisi P20
- 5CrNm, 54NiCrMoV6,1.2711
- 6HS, 60MnSi4, 6hs
- 9KhVG, 100MnCrW4
- X6VF, X100CrMoV5-1, 1.2363
- X12, X210Cr12, 1.2080
- X12M, X165CrMoV12, 1.2601
- X12MF, K110, Stal D2
- X12F1, X155CrVMo12-1, Nc11Lv
- Fast Cutter
- R6M5, 1.3343, hs6-5-2, sw7m
- R6M5K5, 1.3243, hs6-5-2-5
- R6M5F3, 1.3344, hs6-5-3
- R9M4K8,1.3207
- R12F3, 1.3318, sw12
- P18, 1.3355, hs18-0-1, sw18
- Carbon steel
- U10,1.1645, C105W1
- 11G12, 110G13L, X120Mn12
- Steel pipe
-
Boiler and spring steel
-
Grids and connections
- Compensators
-
Grids of non-ferrous metals
- Stainless woven mesh
- Nichrome woven mesh
- Bronze woven mesh
- Brass woven mesh
- Copper woven mesh
- Molybdenum woven mesh
- Tungsten woven mesh
- Titanium woven mesh
- Tantalum woven mesh
- Nickel woven mesh
- Magnesium woven mesh
- Zirconium woven mesh
- Inconel® woven mesh
- Hastelloy® woven mesh
- Monel® woven mesh
- Woven mesh
- Metal hoses
- Ropes and ropes
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