Annealing, hardening and heat treatment of aluminum
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Types of heat treatment
In practice, heat treatment of these materials is carried out to modify their structure, ever occurs alloying the solid solution, or allocate secondary phases that improve the consumer characteristics. This occurs when aluminum or its alloy is subjected to quenching or aging.
Heat treatment modes of aluminum alloys
- AD31, AD33 - hardening from 520...530°С:
- AMg - hardening under pressure at temperatures of at least 400 °C;
- Duralumin - hardened at 530...550 ° C, followed by slow cooling in the temperature range of 400...280 ° C for several hours;
- AK-series alloys - quenching is carried out with 490 ° C followed by slow cooling along with the furnace and aging at lower temperatures (170 ... 190 ° C).
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Thermomechanical processing
Thermomechanical treatment, when the alloy is deformed (upsetting, piercing, etc.) occurs in the quenching temperature zone, which, depending on the alloy grade, is between 450 and 500°C. This type of hardening is the most productive, but is only applicable for soft and semi-hardened alloys. Quenching in furnaces with protective atmosphere is performed as a separate operation mainly for hard aluminum alloys.
Aging
Aging is done on alloys whose chemical composition includes silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc. Those elements have the ability, when heated, to form finely dispersed compounds that can be positioned within the grain structure of an alloy. Since all of these alloying elements are well soluble in the basic aluminum matrix, these processes can proceed naturally, however, to accelerate the process the billets are subjected to heating to temperatures of 180 ... 200 ° C.
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