Methods of melting titanium
Magnesothermic method
Chlorination of TiO2, obtaining TiCl4 and its reduction with magnesium. TiCl4 is thoroughly purified by multiple fractional distillation with simultaneous chemical purification prior to reduction. The reduction of TiCl4 is carried out in special reactors in an argon atmosphere at 700-950°C. The titanium sponge is then purified of magnesium impurities by vacuum distillation or by leaching. The second method is cheaper, but leads to saturation of the titanium sponge with hydrogen. The hydrogen is removed by subsequent smelting of the sponge in a vacuum.
Electrolysis method
Using an electric current, TiO2 or TiCl4 (dissolved in molten salts of chlorides and fluorides of alkali and alkaline earth metals) are decomposed at 700-800° in the inert gas atmosphere.
Hydride-calcium method
TiH2 is decomposed into Ti and H2 by heating in a high vacuum. The resulting CaO is washed with dilute acids. The first three methods are used for production of technical titanium.
Percentage composition of technical titanium
| Grade | Ti | Fe | Si | O | C | N | Others | |
| BT1-00 | basis | 0,15 | 0,08 | 0,1 | 0,05 | 0,04 | 0,1 | |
| VT1-2 | --- "--- | 1,5 | 0,15 | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,15 | 0,3 | |
| VT1-0 | --- "--- | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,04 | 0,3 | |
Iodide method
It is based on the thermal dissociation of titanium iodide TiJ4, which is obtained in advance by reacting low-purity titanium metal with iodine vapor. Iodide titanium contains up to 0.05% impurities, mostly metallic, has a tensile strength of 215 - 255 MPa; yield strength of 2120 - 170 MPa; relative elongation of 50 - 60%; transverse contraction of ] 70 - 80%.
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