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Heat treatment pretreatment

It is carried out to increase the ductility of the steels in question before their plastic deformation, as well as to relieve thermal stresses caused by welding. There are two types of annealing - the basic type of pre-treatment for heat-resistant and relaxation-resistant steels: Evek GmbH offers you buy heat-resistant and relaxation-resistant steel in a broad range of designs at very reasonable prices. We provide delivery of products to any point on the continent. The price is optimal.

First kind annealing

Steel is heated to a temperature lying below the austenitic transformation line, tempered and then cooled at a certain rate determined by the chemical composition of the steel. As a result of such annealing, internal stresses are removed and the structure and some of its properties - strength, ductility, electrical resistance - are restored. The temperature of such annealing, also called recrystallization annealing, is comparatively low, and does not exceed 200...250°С. A similar annealing is also used for elimination of dendritic liquation, but the temperature of heating in this case is higher and holding time is longer. This kind of annealing is called diffusion annealing.

Second kind annealing

Steels that can undergo phase transformation in the solid state undergo structural changes. In this case, heating leads to recrystallization of excess phases that disappear during their dissolution into the main phase. On subsequent cooling, they are separated from the solid solution. The phase recrystallization that occurs during rapid cooling is called normalization. Normalization causes the structure of heat resistant and relaxation resistant steels to become less equilibrium.

Basic heat treatment

Quenching is considered to be the main process of this treatment. After quenching, heat-resistant and relaxation-resistant steels develop a supersaturated solid solution structure. Quenching is carried out at a high speed, which must be greater than the critical rate. Only then can the single-phase state of such steels be fixed. If austenitic structures are formed as a result of hardening, such processes are often referred to as austenization. In all cases where rapid cooling fixes the nonequilibrium structure (e.g., martensite), the process is more correctly referred to as quenching. Quenching increases the hardness and strength of steel.

Brittleness

In some cases, the hardening of alloys is accompanied by an increase in its brittleness. That is why hardening is almost always followed by tempering. This is carried out in a similar manner to that used in annealing. Accordingly, at low temperatures the tempering is called low, and at high - high.

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