History of magnesium. Physical and mechanical properties.
History
The history of the discovery of this metal is closely associated with the thermal mineral springs in England, where they began to extract the bitter English salt. The formula of this salt is MgSO4. Magnesium was later isolated from it in its pure form.
Physical Characteristics
It is a very light metal. Its surface is covered with an oxide film, which breaks down at 623 °C, after which Mg burns off. Magnesium powder and foil are ignited with an ordinary match and burn both in air and in carbon dioxide. This quality of burning with a bright blinding flame is indispensable in signal and flare rockets, tracer shells and bullets, and incendiary bombs.
| Description | Designation |
|---|---|
| Atomic (molar) mass g/mol | 24,3 |
| Oxidation states | 2 |
| Density [g/cm3] | 1,738 |
| Melting point t ° C | 650°С |
| Boiling point | 1103°C |
| Melting point kJ/mol | 9,2 |
| Thermal conductivity K [W/(m-K) | 158 |
| Evaporation heat kJ/mol | 131,8 |
Technological readiness
It is one of the most technologically advanced metals: it can be well pressed, bent, easily drilled, cut and rolled. But pure magnesium is quite brittle, so its alloys are more valuable as a construction material.
Magnesium in ingots (GOST 2581-78)
| Alloy grade | Mn | Zn | Al | Other | Fe | Si | Al | Cu | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MM2h | 1,7-2,4 | - | - | - | 0,0040 | 0,004 | 0,006 | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| MM2 | 1,5-2,2 | - | - | - | 0,05 | 0,07 | 0,04 | 0,03 | 0,004 |
| MA8C | 0,2-0,5 | 0,3-0,8 | 7,5-8,7 | - | 0,02 | 0,1 | - | 0,05 | 0,004 |
| МА8Цч | 0,2-0,5 | 0,3-0,8 | 7,5-8,7 | - | 0,005 | 0,04 | - | 0,01 | 0,001 |
| MA8Ce | 0,2-0,5 | 0,3-1,5 | 7,5-8,7 | - | 0,028 | 0,5 | - | 0,35 | 0,01 |
| МА8ЦБч | 0,2-0,5 | 0,3-0,8 | 7,5-8,7 | 0.001-0.002 Ve | 0,005 | 0,04 | - | 0,01 | 0,001 |
| MCr1H3 | 0,2-0,5 | - | - | 0,4-1,1 Zr 2,6-3,2 Nd |
0,01 | 0,02 | 0,02 | 0,01 | 0,004 |
| MA10C1 | 0,2-0,5 | 0,7-1,2 | 9,0-10,0 | - | 0,05 | 0,15 | - | Cu | 0,005 |
Furnizor
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