History of bronze. Physical and mechanical properties.
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History
Bronze is one of the most ancient alloys. Its appearance is connected with the fact that in most copper mines of antiquity copper ore contained a large percentage of tin. During melting this fact contributed to increase the hardness of the final product. In addition, tin increases the fluidity of the alloy, which facilitated melting of ore in foundry molds. Finished tools sharpened better and became blunt less often. Later it turned out that bronze was also well forged and could be drawn. With the development of metallurgy other components were also added to tin to produce different kinds of bronzes.
Technical Characteristics
Bronze refers to a large group of nonferrous alloys based on copper, for which any metal other than zinc is taken as the predominant alloying additive. In practice, tin, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum and beryllium bronze are used. Currently the technical requirements for bronze production are regulated by several domestic standards (in particular
Physical and mechanical properties
The main application of bronzes is the production of corrosion-resistant products that are well resistant to frictional wear processes. Castings, rods, sheets, wires and forgings are used as initial blanks.
Physical properties of bronzes
| Bronze type | Density, g/cm3 | Thermal conductivity, W/mgrad | Coefficient of linear expansion, 10-6 C-1 | Specific electrical resistance,106 Ohmm |
| Aluminum | 7,6...8,2 | 0,19...0,29 | 16,0...18,2 | 9,95...18,30 |
| Beryllium | 8,25 | 0,29 | 16,6 | 10,0 |
| Silicon | 8,4...8,6 | 0,09...0,12 | 15,8...18,6 | 4,6...15,0 |
| Manganese | 8,6 | 0,30 | 20,4 | 19,7 |
Mechanical properties of bronzes
| Bronze type | tensile strength, MPa | Yield strength, MPa | Young modulus, hPa | Elongation, % Relative elongation | Brinell hardness |
| Aluminum | 550...1000 | 190...500 | 93...130 | 4...25 | 155...200 |
| Beryllium | 950 | 850...900 | 117 | 1,5...2 | 350...400 |
| Siliceous | 900 | 540 | 120 | 0,5 | 65...70 |
| Manganese | 600 | 500 | 105 | 2 | 160 |
Buy. Supplier, price.
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