Aluminum reference
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Technical characteristics
Aluminum is silvery white metal. its density is 2700 kg/m3, it has comparatively low melting point of 660 °C, it has high thermal and electric conductivity, it is easily deformed. The basic type of a crystal lattice - HKC without polymorphic transformations.
Physical properties | |
---|---|
Chemical symbol | Al |
Atomic number | 13 |
Atomic (molar) mass g/mol | 26,98 |
Density [g/cm3] | 2,7 |
Melting point t ° C | 660,3°С |
Oxidation degree | +3 |
Thermal conductivity K [W/(m-K) | 237 |
Molar volume cm3/mol | 10 |
This metal is three times lighter than steel. It is corrosion-resistant, technologically advanced and non-toxic.
Basic grades
The following grades of primary aluminum, which are produced in accordance with the technical requirements
- A999 - grade of special purity of 99.999% Al;
- A995 - high-purity grade with the total fraction of impurities not more than 0,005% The composition includes iron, copper, silicon, zinc and titanium;
- А99 - high-purity grade of 99,99% Al (chemical elements in composition are the same as in А995 grade);
- A97 and A95 - total proportion of impurities not more than 0,03 and 0,05% respectively;
- Technical aluminum, grades from A85 (99.85% Al;) to A0 (99% Al;). In technical aluminum, in addition to the above impurities may also contain chromium, manganese and vanadium.
Technical aluminum is produced in accordance with
Alloying of aluminum alloys
Aluminum alloys (GOST 1583-93), while preserving the basic advantages of aluminum itself, are characterized by substantially higher strength characteristics, which favorably affects the performance characteristics of the alloy. Aluminum is most often alloyed with copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and zirconium. These metals in solid solution form a variety of intermetallic compounds that increase corrosion resistance and machinability.
Foundry and wrought alloys
A distinction is made between foundry and wrought aluminum alloys. The foundry properties (particularly ductility and tendency to cracking during crystallization) are determined by the level and proportion of silicon and iron as the basic impurities in aluminum casting alloys. As the amount of these components decreases, the number of coarse intermetallics decreases, and the ductility and fracture toughness values, on the contrary, increase. Therefore, for critical products the percentage of impurities is strictly limited, as reflected in the grades of alloys: pure - marked with "h", high purity - "hh", of particular purity - "point".
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