Alloy steels reference

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Technical Characteristics

Alloy steels are alloys in which the content of special impurity elements (mostly metals) exceeds the usual limits, due to the peculiarities of metallurgical processes. Only silicon stands out, the presence of which is due to its high solubility in the ferritic structure of iron, especially when heated to melting temperatures. Sulfur and phosphorus are also invariable components of alloy steels, but they are considered harmful impurities, and their amount is minimized by all domestic and foreign standards. There is also an exception here - some alloyed steel alloys, intended exclusively for subsequent machining, contain an increased percentage of sulfur. This is due to improved machinability.

Alloying

When alloying elements contain more than half the percentage of iron, they move into the category of special alloys.

Classification of alloyed steel

Classification criteria Types of steel
According to the number of alloying elements One-, two-, three-component and complex alloyed steels
By structure after heat treatment Martensitic, martensitic-ferritic, ferrite, pearlitic, austenitic, austenitic-martensitic and austenitic-ferritic steels;
By purpose Structural, tool, steel alloys with special properties (heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant , etc.).

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GOST

Technical requirements to composition and properties of alloyed steel are regulated by a number of domestic and foreign standards.

GOST What regulates
4543-81 Basic requirements for structural alloy steels;
5632-82, Requirements for heat-resistant, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant steels;
5950-83 Production of tool alloy steels;
801-90, Production of ball bearing alloy steel;
9373-90 Production of high speed steels.
5058-85 Production of structural construction alloy steel;
4959-89 Production of spring-loaded alloy steels.

Of the foreign standards relating to the steels of the category in question, it is worth noting the US standards AISI, ASTM and UNS, the European standard EN, as well as the German federal standard DIN.

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